Curriculum
Unit Lead: Marla Davidson
Unit Supervisors: Roona Sinha, Sharon Card, Regina Gjevre, Kaitlyn Hughes
Competence in curriculum development and design is crucial to advance medical education programs. This unit will provide the Clinician Educator (CE) with the theoretical background and practical skills they need to be able to systematically create, implement, evaluate, and improve curricula, ranging from short (e.g., half-day workshop) to longitudinal curricula (e.g., a new residency program).
Co-requisite: Teaching & Learning Unit
Competencies Addressed in this Unit
A CE must be able to:
- Plan and conduct a needs assessment
- Systematically design and plan the implementation of a curriculum
- Evaluate an educational program
Key Documents
- Official Royal College Requirements for the Curriculum Unit
- Check-in and check-out forms
- Final Unit Report (to be completed by Unit Supervisor)
- Curriculum Unit Task List
- Curriculum Reading List (see below)
- Complete set of documents
Objectives
By the end of this Unit, the CE will be able to:
1. Demonstrate competence in systematic educational design, by
- describing and contrasting commonly used educational design approaches
- analyzing a commonly used design approach with reference to supporting education theories
2. Demonstrate competence in needs assessment, by
- differentiating perceived, observed, organizational (institutional), and societal needs
- discussing the advantages, challenges, and implications of commonly used needs assessment instruments
- preparing and conducting a needs assessment
3. Demonstrate proficiency in setting learning goals and objectives, by
- defining and comparing the terms “goals,” “learning objectives,” and “milestones”
- defining three broad domains of learning objectives
- composing clear and effective learning objectives using appropriate levels-of-learning taxonomies
- composing clear and effective milestones using appropriate levels-of-learning taxonomies
- describing the use of curriculum mapping or blueprinting to ensure that objectives are linked to teaching and assessment
4. Demonstrate comprehension of the challenges of curriculum implementation, by
- determining the human, fiscal, and physical resources required for the delivery of a new educational initiative
- outlining critical factors for success in the implementation of a new curriculum
- discussing the necessary elements of curriculum maintenance
5. Demonstrate proficiency in program evaluation, by
- describing and comparing common program evaluation models
- evaluating a curriculum
6. Demonstrate comprehension of the importance of the education environment, by
- explaining the influences on and interactions within an educational environment, which is embedded within interconnected and complex health and medical education systems
- defining the concept of the “hidden curriculum” and describing the implications of this phenomenon
Assessment
- Please refer to the Task List for the Curriculum Unit for a complete listing of the summative and formative assessments required for this unit.
- Final Unit Report (to be filled by Unit Supervisor)
Reading Lists
- Abrahamson S. Diseases of the Curriculum. J of Med. Educ. 1978; 53: p951–957.
- Bordage G, Harris I. Making a difference in curriculum reform and decision making processes. Med Educ. 2011;45(1):87–94.
- Goldenberg D, Andrusyszyn MA, Iwasiw C. A facilitative approach to learning about curriculum development. J Nurs Educ. 2004;43(1):31–5.
- Harden RM. Approaches to curriculum planning. Med Educ. 1986; 20 (5): p458–466.
- Harden RM. AMEE Guide No. 21: Curriculum mapping: a tool for transparent and authentic teaching and learning. Med Teach. 2001;23(2):123–6.
- Harris IB. Perspectives for curriculum renewal in medical education. Acad.Med. 1993; 68: p484–486.
- Krackov SK, Pohl H. Building expertise using the deliberate practice curriculum-planning model. Med Teach. 2011;33(7):570–5.
Books:
- Kern D, Thomas PA, Hughes MT. Curriculum development for medical education: a six-step approach. 2nd ed. Baltimore (MD); Johns Hopkins University Press; 2009. (borrow it from the USask Faculty Development Library by contact medicinefaculty.development@usask.ca)
- Sherbino J, Frank JR, editors. Educational design: a CanMEDS guide for the health professions. Ottawa: Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons; 2011. (borrow it from the USask Faculty Development Library by contacting medicinefaculty.development@usask.ca)
- Bennett N, Lockyer J, Mann K, Batty H, LaForet K, Rethans JJ, et al. Hidden curriculum in continuing medical education. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2004;24(3):145–52.
- Bland CJ, Starnaman S, Wersal L, Moorhead-Rosenberg L, Zonia S, Henry R. Curricular change in medical schools: how to succeed. Acad. Med. 2000; 75(6): p575–594.
- Gozu A, Windish DM, Knight AM, Thomas PA, Kolodner K, Bass EB, et al. Long-term follow-up of a 10-month programme in curriculum development for medical educators: a cohort study. Med Educ. 2008;42(7):684–92.
- Harden RM, Sowden S, Dunn WR. Educational strategies in curriculum development: the SPICES model. Med Educ. 1984;18(4):284–97.
- Malik AS, Malik RH. Twelve tips for developing an integrated curriculum. Med Teach. 2011;33(2):99– 104.
- Windish DM, Gozu A, Bass EB, Thomas PA, Sisson SD, Howard DM, Kern DE. A ten-month program in curriculum development for medical educators: 16 years of experience. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22(5):655–61.
- Bice-Stephens W. Designing a learning-needs survey—10 steps to success. J Contin Educ Nurs. 2001; 32(4):150–1.
- Brauer, David G. "The integrated curriculum in medical education: AMEE Guide No. 96." Medical teacher 37.4 (2014): 1-11.
- Ehrenberg RG, Brewer DJ, Gamoran A, Willms JD. Does class size matter? Sci Am. 2001; 285(5):78–85.
- Evans DE, Estcourt CS. A practical guide to building a national curriculum. Br J Hosp Med. 2007; 68(11):612–5.
- Ewen S, Mazel O, Knoche D. Exposing the hidden curriculum influencing medical education on the health of Indigenous people in Australia and New Zealand: the role of the Critical Reflection Tool. Academic Medicine [1040-2446] 2012 vol.87 iss.2 pg.200 -205.
- Prideaux D. Curriculum development in medical education: from acronyms to dynamism. Teaching Teacher Educ. 2007; 23 (Apr):294–302.
- Roze des Ordons AL, Doig CJ, Couillard P, Lord J. From Communication Skills to Skillful Communication: A Longitudinal Integrated Curriculum for Critical Care Medicine Fellows. Academic Medicine [1040-2446] 2017 vol.92 iss.4 pg.501 -505.
- Smith S. AMEE guide No. 14: Outcome-based education: Part 2 - Planning, implementing and evaluating a competency-based curriculum Medical Teacher. 1999 vol.21 iss.1 pg.15 -22.
- Talley JA, Magie R. The integration of the "spirituality in medicine" curriculum into the osteopathic communication curriculum at Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences. Academic Medicine [1040-2446].2014 vol.89 iss.1 pg.43 -47.
Book chapters
- Donaldson SI. Developing program impact theory. In: Program theory-driven evaluation science: strategies and evaluations. New York: Taylor and Francis Group; 2007. p. 20–39.
- Donaldson SI. Formulating, prioritizing, and answering evaluation questions. In: Program theory-driven evaluation science: strategies and evaluations. New York: Taylor and Francis Group; 2007. p. 40–8.
- Harden RM. Curriculum planning and development. In: Dent JA, Harden RM, editors. A practical guide for medical teachers. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2009. p. 8–16.
- Stufflebeam DL. The CIPP model for evaluation. In: Stufflebeam DL, Madaus GF, Kellaghan T, editors. Evaluation models: viewpoints on educational and human services evaluation. 2nd ed. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2000.